Past Issues

Migration in North-East India represents a complex and multi-dimensional socio-political phenomenon shaped by historical processes, ethnic diversity, geographical location, and socio-economic inequalities. This study examines migration patterns in the region with a focus on their historical causes and socio-political consequences. Drawing entirely on secondary data sources—such as Census reports, Election Commission records, government documents, committee reports, scholarly literature, and media analyses—the research explores how migration has transformed demographic structures, social relations, political behaviour, and governance mechanisms. The findings reveal that migration in the North-East is not a uniform or one-directional process but a dynamic interaction of cross-border movements, inter-state migration, internal displacement, and urbanisation. These movements have significantly altered population composition in states such as Assam and Tripura, leading to demographic anxieties, cultural tensions, and identity-based political mobilisation. Migration has influenced electoral politics, the rise of ethnic and regional parties, citizenship debates surrounding the NRC and CAA, and centre–state as well as inter-state political relations. The study also highlights the link between migration, ethnic conflict, insurgency, border security, and militarisation, demonstrating how demographic change is frequently reframed as a security concern. The study concludes that migration governance in North-East India requires a balanced, inclusive, and context-specific policy approach that integrates human rights, regional sensitivities, development planning, and federal cooperation. Through situating migration at the intersection of demography, identity, politics, and security, the research contributes to a deeper understanding of migration as a central force shaping contemporary North-East India..

A Critical Study of Socio-Economic Conditions and Upliftment Measures of the Musahar Caste in Bihar: A Sociological Analysis Using Latent Constructs

Anil Kumar, Dr. Benet Rajadurai J

CrossRef DOI URL : https://doi.org/10.31426/ijesti.2025.5.11.5912

The present study critically examines the socio-economic conditions and upliftment measures of the Musahar caste in Bihar, one of the most marginalized Scheduled Caste communities in India. Drawing upon sociological, historical, and development perspectives, the study analyses how caste-based exclusion, poverty, limited education, insecure livelihoods, inadequate health facilities, and restricted access to government welfare schemes shape persistent deprivation. .