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The objective of this research article was to apply/compare Inverse Least Squares (ILS), 2D Numerical/Graphical Optimization in Molecular Effect model for two High Temperature Superconductors (HTSC) groups. These are Pb Tetragonal (TET) Lattice Class [ mostly TC > 0° ] and [ Tl-Sn-Pb-Ba-Si-Mn-Mg-Cu-O ] one constrained to those with TC > 0° C exclusively. Both groups show have got innovative electronics physics applications. Results are obtained with 2D optimization/simulations, classical ILS, 2D Interior Optimization, and 2D Graphical Optimization. Numerical and imaging solutions are obtained as in previous contributions with Tikhonov Regularization algorithms, at this stage depending on Molecular Mass uniquely. For Thallium HTSC Class results demonstrate/corroborate proven 2D sinusoidal analytic geometry model curve in former publications. Findings for Pb Tetragonal (TET) Lattice Class in Molecular Effect ILS optimization display acceptable theoretical Numerical, and 2D Graphical Optimization parabolic-like curves with low residuals. Complete results comprise two parts for these two HTSCs classes, the numerical modelling for TC Molecular Effect, and the ILS software/imaging methods. HTCS Electronics Physics are guessed from numerical and graphical results. .

The Role of Tribal Identity in the Formation of Jharkhand State

Manoj Kumar Gupta

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The formation of Jharkhand as a separate state in 2000 stemmed from the assertion of tribal identity, crucial in socio-political movements. Tribal communities like the Santhals, Mundas, Oraons, and Hos, with unique languages, traditions, and social systems, demanded statehood to preserve their cultural heritage and address historical exploitation. Leaders like Jaipal Singh Munda and the Jharkhand Party played pivotal roles in advocating for tribal rights. The recognition of tribal identity's potent role in regional politics underscores its significance in governance and policy formulation, emphasizing the need for inclusive development..