Digital and mobile payment systems have greatly simplified and streamlined monetary transactions and administration. However, despite the ease of use provided by these resources, issues must be fixed before they can be fully utilized. One such difficulty is the fact that electronic wallets are increasingly being used as game pieces. As a result, many specialists in the financial sector are looking for decentralized finance (DeFi) solutions to establish safer and more effective means of handling money. This article examines the problems that gamified e-wallets face and the solutions that DeFi offers. DeFi's mission is to make banking accessible to anyone with a smartphone and an internet connection. Apps like Compound, Aave, Curve, or Yearn that operate on the block-chain and have smart contracts that enable sophisticated financial operations between users now offer users the option of locking funds in such contracts. They can then engage in various financial activities with their money, including lending, borrowing, and letting it earn interest. Annual percentage yields (APYs) can vary from about 5% to about 50% on the sites one finds if one looks closely enough, and this is entirely dependent on the assets only to invest in. DeFi’s future must be on several block-chains, and in this rapidly evolving landscape, the most easily adaptable projects will succeed. Like computer operating systems' interoperability, decentralized financial systems should work together. Companies may reach the most audience possible by creating apps for all the major operating systems, including Mac OS X, Microsoft Windows, Apple iOS, Google Android, and Linux. There may be an increase in total development costs, but spending that extra money is well worth it.. .

This paper aims at reviewing the effect of the Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) on the environment and the properties asphalt cement and asphalt concrete mixtures; by compiling the results of different researches conducted into the subject and comparing them with each other. Review analysis showed that although EAFD is classified as hazardous due to containing some heavy metals such as Zinc, Cobalt, Copper, Lead or Cadmium, the EAFD is considered to be safe for the environment according to the multiple conducted leaching tests. Also, previous research showed that mixing EAFD with asphalt cement increases its specific gravity, softening point and flash & fire points and decreases the values of penetration and ductility. As for asphalt concrete, previous results of conducted research, showed that it increased the value of flow, and there was an increase then a decrease in the values of stability, unit weight and the Voids Filled with Binder (VFB), and finally a decrease then an increase in the value of the Voids in Mineral Aggregate (VMA). From the environmental impact viewpoint, the EAFD is considered to be safe for the environment according to the multiple conducted leaching tests. .

In the contemporary global economy, supply chains are increasingly complex, involving numerous stakeholders such as manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and logistics providers. This complexity presents significant challenges in maintaining transparency, ensuring product authenticity, and managing information flow. Traditional supply chain management methods have struggled to effectively address these issues, underscoring the need for innovative solutions. Blockchain technology emerges as a transformative tool to enhance supply chain transparency. Originally developed for cryptocurrencies, blockchain operates as a decentralized ledger that records transactions in a secure, immutable, and transparent manner. This technology addresses the intricacies of modern supply chains by providing real-time tracking and traceability, ensuring that all stakeholders have access to a single, accurate source of information. Additionally, blockchain improves data integrity by reducing discrepancies caused by manual data entry and intermediaries. It also automates compliance and auditing processes through smart contracts, which enforce and execute contract terms automatically, thereby reducing administrative costs. Furthermore, blockchain enhances security and fraud prevention with its cryptographic algorithms, creating a tamper-proof record of transactions. By reducing reliance on intermediaries, blockchain facilitates more efficient and transparent transactions, fostering greater collaboration and trust among supply chain participants. The integration of blockchain technology in supply chain management holds the potential to significantly improve transparency, efficiency, and security, making it a pivotal advancement in addressing the challenges of modern supply chains..