Past Issues

The fatigue life of asphalt concrete is often related to environmental condition, loading condition, ageing, material composition and properties. This work investigates the influence of short- and long-term ageing of laboratory beam specimens, asphalt content, and testing temperature on fatigue life of asphalt concrete wearing course. Slab samples of (30 x 40x 6) cm have been prepared, beam specimens of (40x 5x 6) cm were cut from the asphalt concrete slab samples. Beam specimens were tested for fatigue life under the influence of three levels of micro strain (250, 400, and 750) at (5, 20, and 30) °C before and after practicing long-term aging. It was observed that the fatigue life decreases by (85 and 97) %, (87.5 and 97.4) %, (71.4 and 95.2) % after increasing the applied microstrain from (250 to 400 and 750) μƐ for control mixture and for mixtures subjected to short-and long-term ageing processes respectively. The fatigue life increases by (142.8 and 257.1) %, (34.4 and 57.8) % and (10 and 30) % when the asphalt content increases from (4.4 to 4.9 and 5.4) % for specimens practicing the applied microstrain of (250, 400 and 750) μƐ respectively. It was concluded that the fatigue life increases by a range of (two to fifteen) folds when the testing temperature increases from (5 to 20 and 30)°C respectively..

Network Topology Optimization in 4G Communication Using Graph Theory

Dr. Indu Pal

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The rapid advancement of mobile communication technology has driven the widespread adoption of 4G networks, which offer high data transmission speeds and improved user experiences. As the demand for high-capacity communication grows, optimizing network topology becomes essential to ensure efficient resource utilization and robust connectivity. Network topology optimization involves the strategic arrangement of network elements to minimize costs while maximizing performance, reliability, and scalability. Graph theory provides a powerful mathematical framework for modelling and analysing complex networks. By representing network components, such as base stations, routers, and users, as vertices and the connections between them as edges, graph theory facilitates the assessment of key performance metrics like latency, throughput, and connectivity..